Relevant Theories of Management and Application Essay

Relevant Theories of Management and Application - Essay ExampleEach theory offers managers a unique approach for attaining organisational success. This paper attempts to exposit the characteristics of different organisational theories and how they were success repletey applied by various types of organisation. Nature of Scientific Management Increased efficiency of job performance is the goal of scientific management, which is the pi mavinering organisational theory. This was introduced by Frederick Taylor in 1909 during the beginning of industrial revolution. Taylor recognised that critical to the success of industrial firms is maximising run lower productivity while minimising waste. In effect, Taylor promoted the method of standardising the job of from each one worker. This is done by having the managers analyse the tasks that are essential for increased efficiency and allowing them to create job designs that will maximise the division of labor. Then, the workers are given full layout of the specific tasks that needs to be accomplished (cited in Watson 1995). Furthermore, scientific management practices also involve strict levels of control. ... In this context, scientific management theory turn out significant for effective mass production. However, the scientific management practices of the 19th century in US and UK factories have compromised the morale of many workers. This then resulted to the formation and strengthen of unions in countries. They asserted that such practices, especially in car factories, have reduced their bodies into human machines by utilising them to the full extent and taking away their chastise to movement (Hollway 1991). Despite the drawbacks of scientific management theory on employee health and morale, one UK firm has successfully learned scientific management practices. Hans Chains was one of the worlds famous makers of drive chain. While the organisation applied the systematic division of labor to minimise production cost and improve efficiency, it refused to adopt strict scientific management practices which are detrimental to the health of employees. Rather than giving them differential bonuses, the company implemented a policy in 1896 which allowed workers to work with only 48 hours a week. This is based on the premise that worker productivity is maximised if working hours is reduced (Witzel 2009). Moreover, in 1906, Hans Chains established the first force-out department while in 1917 it was the first firm to develop a committee for managing the shop workers. The company experienced massive success in the theatre by adopting the effective practices of scientific management and avoiding its drawbacks, such as exploiting the strength of workers to maximise profit (Witzel 2009). Moreover, recent research on large US manufacturing firms showed the applications programme of scientific management practices through the extensive effort to minimise production